Penang

from http://special-kualalumpur-hotels.com/cities-and-resorts/penang/

Penang, often called the pearl of the Orient, is one of the most scenic and beautiful places of the continent. Located on the northwestern coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Penang received its name from "Betel nut tree", which grows in these places. In 1786 the British built their first fort here.

Now in Penang are Western and Eastern cultures. State of Penang is actually consists from the island and the mainland coastal strip known as a province Uelesli or Seberang Pry. Two parts of the state are connected by a bridge length of 13.5 kilometers, the longest in Asia. Ferry services are organized too.
At the island is located the capital of the state - Georgetown . It is a wonderful city in which the intertwined history and modern life. Some areas of Penang remind pictures of the past - with its narrow streets, rickshaws, temples, traders, offering a variety of goods. Incidentally, the island is a paradise for bargain. Among the items you'll find electronics, clothing, shoes, souvenirs, handicrafts and trinkets. Penang is famous for its amazing cuisine which offers meals such as Nasi Kandar.
Penang is the industrial and commercial, agricultural and tourist state of Malaysia which High-tech industries have received here growth in recent years. Penang is called an analog of Silicon Valley because of the numerous plants on the island of the electronics industry, owned by international companies. In 1997, the share of electronics and manufacturing industries in the state's GDP was 53% and 42%. The tourist business is also flourishing on the island . At Penang are cultivated rice, rubber, fruits, oil, and palm trees. Agricultural land occupied by 55 thousand hectares. On the island is located deep-water port that connects Malaysia with more than 200 ports around the world. This is the main transit point in the triangle: Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand.

Penang is the main center of business forums in Asia.

Penang Sports Complex (PISA) is one of the largest in the region. At its arenas can be carried out competitions in various sports.

History

Englishman Francis Light founded a fortress at Penang in 1786. Light received the island from the Sultan of Kedah in return for a promise not to allow in Penang Siamese. When the British came to the island, it was sparsely populated. Some believe that the Light shooting gold in the surroundings in order to spur people to cut down the jungle.

Light renamed the island of Penang in the Prince of Wales Island, since the land was a gift to the birthday of a member of the royal family. Soon Light founded the city of Georgetown and bought a strip of land on the mainland called Province Uelesli. After the founding of Georgetown, Light announced its free trade zone. In addition, he attracted settlers that gave them as much land as they were able to clear the jungle. At the beginning of XIX century, the population of the island was about 10 thousand people.

In 1805, Penang fell into the dependence of Bengal. Soon there was placed administration on the type of one that existed in Bombay and Madras. In 1826 there were at Penang and Melaka Authority of Singapore. In 1816 there was opened the first English school in Southeast Asia.

What to see?

Georgetown

Georgetown is located on the north-east of the island, it is amazing city. It survived the Chinese spirit in everything from architecture and ending with the tradition. Georgetown is a compact city that can easily get around on foot cross a rickshaw.

The old part is located near Fort Kornvelis. Financial center Lebuh Pantai is the main street. Many modern offices are located in old, restored buildings of the colonial era. The main shopping center is Jalan Penang. Hotels, restaurants and cafes are concentrated on Lebuh Chulia. It is recommended to make a walk around town with a visit to the many temples in Chinatown.

Chinatown

This old part of Penang in the heart of Georgetown is different indescribable bustle, especially during the holidays. There are numerous stores and shops, Indian and Chinese temples, mosques, vegetable markets and night bazaars. Very interesting to take a tour of Chinatown on a rickshaw. For your information: modern air-conditioned stores mainly located in the streets of Jalan Penang and Jalan Campbell, shops at Lebuh Chulia. Crafts and antiques can be purchased at Lebuh Farquhar.

Fort Kornvelis

Fort Kornvelis is in a place where Francis Light first landed in Penang in 1786. Hence it is best to start the tourist route to explore the main attractions of the island. At first it was a wooden fortress, which in the years 1808-1810 has been replaced by stone buildings. On the bastions there are several old Dutch guns that were seized by pirates, but later repulsed by the British. The biggest gun Seri Ramban, made ​​in 1603. In the beginning it belonged to the Sultan of Johor, then got in Aceh, further to the pirates, and only after that was installed in Penang. Some believe in its "hereditary power". For this reason, local women are often given to the gun flowers. Just below the tools is a small museum, which collects artifacts telling the story of the fort and the island of Penang. Near the fort, is a park, which has gift shops and numerous cafes.

Church of Saint George

To the east of the fort on the street Kornvelis Lebuh Farquhar is the oldest Anglican church in Malaysia. The building impresses with its magnificent architecture, marble floors and a tall steeple. The church was built in 1818 by convicts. At the entrance there is a memorial canopy in memory of Francis Light's date of entry to Penang.

Penang Museum and Gallery Arts
Museum and gallery are located near the fort on the street Lebuh Farquhar. They were built in 1821 as a school. At the entrance to the statue of Francis Light. During the Second World War the Japanese removed the monument. But after the war statue restored, removing a Light's saber. A small museum has a good collection of old photographs, maps, furniture, clothing. Part of the exhibition devoted to the first Prime Minister of Malaysia Tunku Abdul Rahman and stories Penang. On the open area demonstrates trailer funicular to Mount Penang.
Temple Mis Mariamman
Near the Museum of Penang, on the street is Queen Street was built in 1883, Sri Mariamman Temple. Ornate, full of various Indian deities. Here is a statue of Lord Sibramaniama made ​​of silver, gold, diamonds and emeralds. Believers usually carry it at the head of the column during the celebration Thaipusama usually fall at the end of January. The temple is open from early morning until late evening. Permission to visit gives the administration of the temple.
Kcu Kongai
Kongai is the part of the religion preached by part of the Chinese population of Penang. Khoo temple is one of the oldest on the island. The building, known as the Mountain Dragon is beautifully decorated. Its construction was carried out from 1853 until 1898. Temple became very attractive. According to the legend on completion, the roof is on fire, allegedly from the envy of the palace of the emperor. Kuala Lumpuran Khoo considered it as a message to the gods to rebuild in a less grandiose style.
Temple of Kuan in Tenge
The first Chinese settlers in Penang in 1800, built the temple of Kuan Ying Teng, which is practically in the heart of Georgetown on the street Lebuh Masjid Kapitan Keling. Being the oldest temple of the island, the temple attracts thousands of believers in the birthday of the goddess of Mercy, which is celebrated three times a year on day 14 is the third, sixth and ninth month of the Chinese calendar. During the prayers, they burn the Chinese sticks, paper money in honor of the goddess and god of prosperity. In the evenings around the church is arranged a theatrical performance.
Mosque of Captain Keling
The first Muslim immigrants from India have built this mosque, located on the corner of Lebuh Masjid Captain Keling and Lebuh Buckingham. Mosque is yellow colored and has a single minaret.
Mosque on the Achin Street
Near the temple Khu Kongai, is a mosque on the street Achin Street, ehich was built in 1920 by Arab traders. The mosque is often gather the Malay and Arab traders. In its area lives compactly Malay part of the population of Georgetown. Unlike other mosques with minarets in the Moorish style, the building has an Egyptian minaret.
State Mosque
The biggest mosque of the island that can accommodate up to 5,000 believers, is located on Jalan Masjid Negeri. When visiting a mosque should be dressed according to Islamic canons.
Temple Dharmikarama Burmis
The entrance to the temple, is located on the street Lorong Burmis and guarded by two elephant. Next to the temple is pagoda Bodhi tree and the wishes well.
Ramle House
At the Jalan P. Ramli street is located the house-museum of the most popular Malay actor P. Ramli. The museum has numerous exhibits on the life and work of actor, as well as telling about the development of the national film industry. The house was built in 1826 by father and uncle of the actor.
Kampung Seronok
Kampung Seronok in Batu Maung is a Museum area, which tells about the life of Malay villages. Visitors can easily walk the streets and get acquainted with everyday life and the village way of life of local residents, as you will be offered to participate in the cultural program.
Mountain Penang
From the mountain of Penang (Bukit Bendera, mountain-flag) in height 830 meter above sea level, offering a panoramic view of the island and Georgetown. The air here is fresh and cool.
Still operates the oldest in Asia, a cable car, built by Swiss project in 1923. Journey to the top takes 30 minutes, during which visitors can admire the surrounding scenery. Getting Started funicular at 6.30 with a 30-minute intervals.
At the top of a mountain hotel Craig is located , which was built in 1890 by brothers Sarkes. Now the building is placed, the Labour Department. However, on top of a small works Beliveau hotel with a restaurant and a park. On the mountain are also hiking trails and a private road.
Botanical Garden
At 600 meters from the the mountain Penang and about 8 kilometers from the capital, in an area of ​​30 hectares is located the botanical garden. Its age is about 100 years. Here are the unique examples of flora and fauna of the island. During the tour you will be accompanied by the noise of the nearby waterfall, and cries of monkeys living in the garden.
Temple of the Serpent
The temple, is located at 14 km of the road Bayan Lepas in the direction of the airport, built in 1850 in honor of a Buddhist monk - the healer Chor Soo Kong. In the church maintains an atmosphere of mystery: there are live cobras and burning fire.
Kek Lok Si
Temple in Air Itam is the largest and most beautiful in Southeast Asia. Thirty-meter high pagoda combines a Chinese, Thai and Burmese architecture. The octagonal base is the Chinese, the middle part is Thai, and the top is Burmese
Butterfly Factory
The factory, located at Teluk Bahang, contains unique and best in the world exposition of butterflies and other insects, consisting of more than 400 samples. In addition, the territory under the net are fluttering from 4 to 5 thousand live insects. There is also a gift shop and information center. Territory is well equipped: artificial waterfalls, lily pond, stone gardens.
Beaches
The most famous beaches of Penang are located on the northern part of the island in Tanjung Bunga, Batu Feringa, Teluk Bahang These places are extremely popular among tourists. There is a large number of hotels, restaurants and shops. Beach Pasir Pandzhang at the south-west of Penang is another popular spot on the map of the island Less frequented beaches are Teluk Duyong, Monkey Beach, Pantai Kerasut, Pantano Mae, which can be reached from Teluk Bahang.
If we follow the north-west to the beaches of Teluk Bahang towards Balik Pulau, we will pay attention to the beautiful fruit and nuts durian plantation at the foot of the hills. It is also the village, built in pure Malay style.
Dam Mengkuang
Built in a valley north of Mengkuang Bukit Mertadzham this is the biggest dam in Penang, which contains 23 billion gallons of water The space around it planted with gardens It offers different attractions However, to access the dam it is necessary to obtain special permission from the security services.
Parks
Park Teluk Bahang is planted with various trees, shrubs and flowers At the the park live lizards, butterflies, birds, snakes There is also a museum of the forest with a unique exhibition.
Park Bukit Mertadzham, stretched out to 18 km from Butterworth ferry terminal, at an altitude of 457 m above sea level, covers about 37 hectares. The air here is cool and clean. Dominated by conifers. During walks through the park you will see very beautiful butterflies, birds and insects.
Bird Park in Penang. Approximately 12 kilometers to the east of the ferry Seberang Praia on five acres of pitch Bird Park in Seberang Jaya This is the first such park, built in Malaysia It is home to over 800 types of birds In its territory are built artificial islands, gardens, comfortable fit of orchids and hibiscus.

Francis Light

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Captain Francis Light
The statue of Captain Sir Francis Light at Penang, Malaysia Born 1740
Dallinghoo, Suffolk, England, Britain Died 25 October 1794 (aged 53)
Penang, Malaya Occupation Colonial Official Known for Founding Penang

Captain Francis Light (1740 – 25 October 1794)^[1] was the founder of the British colony of Penang (in modern-day Malaysia) and its capital George Town in 1786.

 

Early years

Light was baptised in Dallinghoo, Suffolk, England on 15 December 1740. His mother was given as Mary Light, though his father preferred to remain anonymous. He was taken in by a relative, the nobleman William Negus, and educated in elementary school with the Negus children, but was apprenticed early to a Naval Surgeon. It was initially thought that Light was the illegitimate son of William Negus, but according to Noël Francis Light Purdon, the 6-times great-grandson of Francis Light, Negus was paid to look after him and be his guardian throughout his schooling

Career

Light served as a Royal Navy midshipman from 1759 to 1763, but went out to seek his fortune in the colonies. From 1765, he worked as a private country trader.
For about ten years he had his headquarters in Salang, Siam, near Phuket, reviving a failed French trading post. While living there he learned to speak and write several languages, including Malay and Siamese. In 1785, he warned the Thais on Phuket Island of an imminent Burmese attack. Light's warning enabled the islanders to prepare for Phuket's defence and subsequently repel the Burmese invasion.
On behalf of the British East India Company, he leased the island of Penang from the Sultan of Kedah, where many others had failed by promising military aid to Sultan Abdullah from Kedah.^[3]. In addition, he was supposedly given a Princess of Kedah as a reward. (Other sources state that the Princess was sent to covet Light's aid on behalf of the Sultan).^[4]
The multicultural colony of Penang became extraordinarily successful from its inception and Light served as the Superintendent of the colony until his death.

Family

Light died from malaria on 21 October 1794 and was buried at the Penang Protestant cemetery on Northam Road (now Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah) in George Town. A statue, which bears his name but has the facial features of his son William, stands at Fort Cornwallis in George Town.
Light had four daughters and two sons with Martina Rozells, who was said to be of Portuguese and Siamese lineage. Martina is occasionally referred to in the literature as the Princess of Kedah, as above. If they were legally married, he did not declare it. However, it was against East India Company rules to marry a Catholic and, as Martina was Catholic, Light may have tried to avoid dismissal by never declaring his marriage. He did leave her his considerable property.
Their son, Colonel William Light, was the first Surveyor General of the Colony of South Australia; William is famous for choosing the site of the colony's capital, Adelaide, and designing the layout of the streets and parks in the Adelaide city centre, North Adelaide and the Adelaide Park Lands.

Duit baru Malaysia from bank negara~~~

Alhamdulillah.... Pengunjung di blog sudah melebihi 1000...

Alhamdulillah... terima kasih kepada semua pengunjung blog ini....angka penunjung sudah melepasi 1000 org.... sy akan terus berusaha dengan lebih keras lagi untuk anda semua... :D

Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Yang Amat Berbahagia Tun Mahathir Mohamad
4th Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office 16 July 1981 – 31 October 2003
Monarch	Ahmad Shah Iskandar Azlan Shah Jaafar Salahuddin Mizan Zainal Abidin (Regent) Sirajuddin
Deputy	Musa Hitam Ghafar Baba Anwar Ibrahim Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Preceded by	Hussein Onn
Succeeded by	Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
4th Deputy Prime Minister of Malaysia
In office 5 March 1976 – 16 July 1981
Monarch	Yahya Petra Ahmad Shah
Prime Minister	Hussein Onn
Preceded by	Hussein Onn
Succeeded by	Musa Hitam
21st Secretary General of Non-Aligned Movement
In office 20 February 2003 – 31 October 2003
Preceded by	Thabo Mbeki
Succeeded by	Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Personal details
Born	10 July 1925 (1925-07-10) (age 86) Alor Star, British Malaya (now Malaysia)
Political party	United Malays National Organisation
Spouse(s)	Siti Hasmah
Children	Marina Mirzan Melinda Mokhzani Mukhriz Maizura Mazhar
Alma mater	University of Malaya
Profession	Physician
Religion	Sunni Islam
Signature

Tun Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad (pronounced [maˈhadɪr bɪn moˈhamat]). (born 10 July 1925) is a Malaysian politician who was the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia. He held the post for 22 years from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest serving Prime Minister. His political career spanned almost 40 years.

Born and raised in Alor Setar, Kedah, Mahathir excelled at school and became a medical doctor. He became active in the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), Malaysia's largest political party, before entering parliament in 1964. He served one term before losing his seat, before falling out with the then Prime Minister, Tunku Abdul Rahman and being expelled from UMNO. When Abdul Rahman resigned, Mahathir re-entered UMNO and parliament, and was promoted to the Cabinet. By 1976, he had risen to Deputy Prime Minister, and in 1981 was sworn in as Prime Minister after the resignation of his predecessor, Hussein Onn.

During Mahathir's tenure as Prime Minister, Malaysia experienced rapid modernisation and economic growth, and his government initiated a series of bold infrastructure projects. He was a dominant political figure, winning five consecutive general elections and seeing off all of his rivals for the leadership of UMNO. However, his accumulation of power came at the expense of the independence of the judiciary and the traditional powers and privileges of Malaysia's royalty. He also deployed the controversial Internal Security Act to detain activists, non-mainstream religious figures, and political opponents including his sacked deputy, Anwar Ibrahim. Mahathir's record of curbing civil liberties and his antagonism to western diplomatic interests and economic policy made his relationships with the likes of the US, Britain and Australia difficult. As Prime Minister, he was an advocate of third-world development and a prominent international activist for causes such as the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa and the interests of Bosnians in the 1990s Balkans conflict.

He remains an active political figure in his retirement, having become a strident critic of his handpicked successor, Abdullah Badawi, and actively supporting Abdullah's replacement by Najib Razak.

Childhood and medical career

Mahathir was born at his parents' home in a poor neighbourhood of Alor Setar, the capital of the state of Kedah, British Malaya, on 10 July 1925.^{[1][N 1]} His father, Mohamad, was of mixed Malay and Malayali descent; his mother, Wan Tempawan, was Malay. Mahathir's non-Malay ancestry is a feature shared by Malaysia's six prime ministers. But another aspect of Mahathir's birth set him apart from the other five: he was not born into the aristocracy or a prominent religious or political family.^{[2][N 2]} Mohamad was a school principal whose low socio-economic status meant his daughters were unable to enrol in secondary school, while Wan Tempawan had only distant relations to members of Kedah's royalty. Both had been married previously; Mahathir was born with six half-siblings and two full-siblings.^[3]

The secondary school attended by Mahathir and founded by his father; now the Sultan Abdul Hamid College^[5]

Mahathir was a hard-working school student. Discipline imposed by his father motivated him to study, and he showed little interest in sports. He won a position in a selective English medium secondary school, having become fluent in English well ahead of his primary school peers.^[6] With schools closed during the Japanese occupation of Malaya in World War II, he went into small business, first selling coffee and later pisang goreng (banana fritters) and other snacks.^[1] After the war, he graduated from secondary school with high marks and enrolled to study medicine at the King Edward VII College of Medicine in Singapore.^[7] In college he met his future wife, Siti Hasmah Mohamad Ali, a fellow medical student. After Mahathir graduated, he worked as a doctor in government service before marrying Siti Hasmah in 1956 and returning to Alor Setar the following year to set up his own practice. He was the town's first Malay doctor, and a successful one. He built a large house, invested in various businesses, and employed a Chinese man to chauffeur him in his Pontiac Catalina (most chauffeurs at the time were Malay).^[8][9] He and Siti Hasmah had their first child, Marina, in 1957, before conceiving three others and adopting three more over the following 28 years.^[10] 

Early political career

Mahathir had been politically active since the end of the Japanese occupation of Malaya, when he joined protests against the granting of citizenship to non-Malays under the short-lived Malayan Union.^[11] He later argued for affirmative action for Malays at medical college. While at college he contributed to The Straits Times under the pseudonym "C.H.E. Det", and a student journal, in which he fiercely promoted Malay rights, such as restoring Malay as an official language.^[12] While practising as a doctor in Alor Setar, Mahathir became active in UMNO; by the time of the first general election for the independent state of Malaya in 1959, he was the chairman of the party in Kedah.^[13] Despite his prominence in UMNO, Mahathir was not a candidate in the 1959 election, ruling himself out following a disagreement with then Prime Minister Tunku Abdul Rahman. The relationship between the two Kedahans had been strained since Mahathir had criticised Abdul Rahman's agreement to the retention of British and Commonwealth forces in Malaya after independence. Now Abdul Rahman opposed Mahathir's plans to introduce minimum educational qualifications for UMNO candidates. For Mahathir this was a significant enough slight to delay his entry into national politics in protest. The delay did not last for long. In the following general election in 1964, he was elected as the federal parliamentarian for the Alor Setar-based seat of Kota Setar Selatan.^[14]

Elected to parliament in a volatile political period, Mahathir, as a government backbencher, launched himself into the main conflict of the day: the future of Singapore, with its large and economically powerful ethnic Chinese population, as a state of Malaysia. He vociferously attacked Singapore's dominant People's Action Party for being "pro-Chinese" and "anti-Malay" and called its leader, Lee Kuan Yew, "arrogant". Singapore was expelled from Malaysia in Mahathir's first full year in parliament.^[14][15] However, despite Mahathir's prominence as a backbencher, he lost his seat in the 1969 election, defeated by Yusof Rawa of the Pan-Malaysian Islamic Party (PAS).^[16] Mahathir attributed the loss of his seat to ethnic Chinese voters switching support from UMNO to PAS (being a Malay-dominated seat, only the two major Malay parties fielded candidates, leaving Chinese voters to choose between the Malay-centric UMNO and the Islamist PAS).^[17] Large government losses in the election were followed by the race riots of 13 May 1969, in which hundreds of people were killed in clashes between Malays and Chinese. The previous year, Mahathir had predicted the outbreak of racial hostility. Now, outside parliament, he openly criticised the government, sending a letter to Abdul Rahman in which the prime minister was criticised for failing to uphold Malay interests. The letter, which soon became public, called for Abdul Rahman's resignation.^[18] By the end of the year, Mahathir had been sacked from UMNO's Supreme Council and expelled from the party; Abdul Rahman had to be persuaded not to have him arrested.^[16][17]

While in the political wilderness, Mahathir wrote his first book, The Malay Dilemma, in which he set out his vision for the Malay community. The book argued that a balance had to be achieved between enough government support for Malays so that their economic interests would not be dominated by the Chinese, and exposing Malays to sufficient competition to ensure that over time, Malays would lose what Mahathir saw as the characteristics of avoiding hard work and failing to "appreciate the real value of money and property".^[19] The book continued Mahathir's criticism of Abdul Rahman's government, and it was promptly banned. The ban was only lifted after Mahathir became prime minister in 1981; he thus served as a minister and deputy prime minister while being the author of a banned book.^[16][20] Academics R. S. Milne and Diane K. Mauzy argue that Mahathir's relentless attacks were the principal cause of Abdul Rahman's downfall and subsequent resignation as prime minister in 1970.^[21]

Return to politics and ascent to premiership

Abdul Rahman resigned in 1970 and was replaced by Abdul Razak Hussein. Razak encouraged Mahathir back into the party, and had him appointed as a Senator in 1973.^[22] He rose quickly in the Razak government, returning to UMNO's Supreme Council in 1973, and being appointed to Cabinet in 1974 as the Minister for Education. He also returned to the House of Representatives, winning the Kedah-based seat of Kubang Pasu unopposed in the 1974 election.^[16] One of his first acts as Minister for Education was to introduce greater government control over Malaysia's universities, despite strong opposition from the academic community.^[23] He also moved to limit politics on university campuses, giving his ministry the power to discipline students and academics who were politically active, and making scholarships for students conditional on the avoidance of politics.^[24]

In 1975, Mahathir ran for one of the three vice-presidencies of UMNO. The contest was considered to be a battle for the succession of the party's leadership, with both Razak and his deputy, Hussein Onn, in declining health. Each of Razak's preferred candidates was elected: former Chief Minister of Melaka, Ghafar Baba; Tengku Razaleigh Hamzah, a wealthy businessman and member of Kelantan's royal family; and Mahathir. When Razak died the following year, Hussein as his successor was forced to choose between the three men to be Deputy Prime Minister; he also considered the ambitious minister Ghazali Shafie. Each of Mahathir's rivals had significant political liabilities: Ghazali, having been defeated by the others for a vice-presidency, lacked the support of UMNO members; Ghafar had no higher education and was not fluent in English; and Razaleigh was young, inexperienced and, critically, unmarried. But Hussein's decision was not easy. Hussein and Mahathir were not close allies, and Hussein knew the choice of Mahathir would displease Abdul Rahman, still alive and revered as the father of Malaysia's independence. After six weeks of indecision Mahathir was, much to his surprise, appointed as Hussein's deputy. The appointment meant that Mahathir was the anointed successor to the prime ministership.^[25][26]

Mahathir is regarded has having been a successful Minister for Education and then Minister for Trade and Industry (1978–1981).^[21] In the latter post, he implemented a "heavy industries policy", establishing a HICOM, a government-controlled corporation, to invest in the long-term development of manufacturing sectors such as an indigenous car industry.^[27] He spent much of his time in the ministry promoting Malaysia through overseas visits.^[24] However, Mahathir was not an influential Deputy Prime Minister. Hussein was a cautious Prime Minister who rejected many of Mahathir's bold policy proposals. While the relationship between Hussein and Mahathir was distant, Ghazali and Razaleigh became Hussein's closest advisers, often bypassing the more senior Mahathir when accessing Hussein. Nonetheless, when Hussein relinquished power due to ill health in 1981, Mahathir succeeded him unopposed and with his blessing.^[28]

Prime Minister